State of the European Banking Crisis at August 21, 2011

The banking crisis that is occurring in Europe is getting much attention. Much of the recent performance of the equities markets of the world is being blamed on slowing growth. While growth is slowing, I believe the way the equities markets are moving lower is indicative of a liquidity crisis driven by potential bank failures.

We can see this in the CDS markets, particularly in the CDS of Bank of America, Commerzbank, Societe Generale, UniCredit, and Lloyds, which I refer to as the “Failing 5″. What is alarming is that these 5 banks represent very large proportions of GDP (each having over $1 Trillion in assets on the balance sheet) of 5 of the largest economies of the world, respectively the US, Germany, France, Italy, and the UK.

Here’s the graph:

CDS of the 5 Failing Banks - BofA, Commerzbank, SocGen, UniCredit, and Lloyds

All banks are above their 2008 wides except for BofA which is very near its 2008 wide.

Not surprisingly, the banks’ equities are trading near their 2009 lows. Below is a normalized graph of the equity prices of each bank:

Equity Prices of the Failing 5 Banks - BofA, Commerzbank, SocGen, UniCredit, and Lloyds

What is alarming (or serves as a warning) is that while these banks are trading near their lows, the market is not yet. Important to realize is that the banking models simply stop functioning at these levels. Banks can’t fund themselves in the long run at these levels and keep a business model. Many clients only borrow money at spreads of 100-200bps. So at 300bps spread of marginal funding costs, the banks will have to start to de-lever rather than take on new business (this is an optimistic scenario). A worse case is that the market loses faith in the bank, and a bank run ensues (the Lehman scenario).

So while Equities on valuations-terms may look cheap, current valuations do not capture the distinct possibility of at least one important bank failure (much less 5).

They also do not incorporate the forthcoming negative earnings revisions, as currently very few earnings have been revised down on the single name level, even though GDP is being rapidly revised down throughout all Wall Street banks.

ECRI leading indicators are already starting to turn down, and it is likely that the SP 500 continues to follow the ECRI LI downward. Here’s the current graph:

ECRI Weekly Leading Indicator at 2011-08-21

It’s not a perfect comparison, and I have more sophisticated ways of looking at the market, but simplistically, given that the current correlation between ECRI and S&P 500 price level continues to hold, we can see downside in the S&P to the 1000 level as ECRI continues to deteriorate.

Latin American corporate bond spreads continue to widen, though recently it has just been that the treasury bond rally has not been accompanied by a rally in corporate yields. Yields themselves have stopped widening for now. Here’s the current picture for Latin American Bond Spreads:

Latin American Corporate Bond Spreads at 2011-08-21

We are at a real crossroads, just as we are with bank CDS’s. The current level of 400bps is not stable. Either we continue on the path to 800, or the world returns back to the 300bps level. Spreads look juicy relative to the last 2 years though a longer term chart demonstrates the razors edge where we now stand:

Long-term Latam Corporate Bond Spreads Screen Shot 2011-08-21

Given the lack of clarity and resolution that is coming out of the European leadership, my bet is that spread go wider and equities go lower in the coming days and weeks.

The one positive thing I can say is that the problems of the world right now are not due to Latin America where things continue to progress and slowly get better. Credit is still difficult here (in Brazil credit costs at least 1 percent per month) and so there is much less risk of a debt driven deflation directly. We are, however, still linked to the world and are unlikely to avoid slowing substantially with a US recession. If a European bank breaks, Brazil and the rest of Latin America will suffer from the rapid decline in liquidity as EM bonds get sold.

Investing right now is 90% macro, and the dominant macro factors are outside of the region – predominantly Europe with a heavy dose of the US thrown in and both are in trouble.

Be careful out there.

Abraço, Arthur O’Keefe, São Paulo Value

Bloomberg Story from another planet: Bond Yields Showing No Economic Spoils for Republicans in 2010

Trying out the WordPress app for my iPad. Came across the below story on Bloomberg. Not sure what to say. I try to keep objective but this story seems to be written to appear objective but is anything but the case.

I will go into this later, but the yield curve is steep because the low end is pinned down by the fed, and it has an extremely high chance of flattening. And if you follow the line of reasoning of the story, I think you have a decent chance of decreasing your net worth.

I continue to see evidence of an extremely unstable market with little volume. Stocks on a valuation basis don’t look so bad if we didn’t have serious deflationary factors. However we *do* in fact have serious deflationary factors as evidenced by the recent enormous flattening of the yield curve. Indeed one wonders if the writer of the story has looked at the recent price action on the five and ten year treasuries. Very unhealthy indeed!

Will try to update when I get time. In the meantime….

Try not to lose money.

Arthur O’Keefe, São Paulo Value

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-22/bonds-showing-no-economy-spoils-for-republicans-as-rates-point-to-recovery.html

Bloomberg News, sent from my iPad.

Bond Yields Showing No Economic Spoils for Republicans in 2010

Aug. 23 (Bloomberg) — Former Republican House Speaker Newt Gingrich says Barack Obama’s policies are “artificially extending the recession.” Congressman John Boehner, the party’s leader in the House, says “stimulus policies aren’t working.” Republican Senator Jim Bunning calls Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke’s tenure “a failure.”

The U.S. bond market disagrees. The economy has never contracted with the difference between short- and long-term Treasury yields as wide as it is now. That gap, at 2.11 percentage points for 2- and 10-year notes, signals a 15.5 percent chance of a recession in the next year, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

“Reports of the death of the recovery are greatly exaggerated,” said Andrew Busch, a public policy strategist at Bank of Montreal’s BMO Capital Markets in Chicago and former adviser to Republican presidential candidate John McCain and Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner.

As politicians step up their rhetoric ahead of the November midterm elections, bond traders are watching the so-called yield curve for clues to the direction of the economy because before each of the last seven economic contractions, long-term yields fell below short-term debt. While that gap has narrowed since reaching a record 2.91 percentage points in February, it’s still almost double the average since 1990.

Though economists are paring their forecasts, they still predict growth in gross domestic product of 3 percent this year and 2.8 percent in 2011, according to the median of 66 estimates in a Bloomberg News survey. Goldman Sachs Group Inc. economists say most of the sectors that drag down an economy, including housing, employment and capital spending, have “already suffered big hits.”

No Double Dip

“As signs of slower U.S. growth have multiplied, market participants have become worried about the possibility of a double-dip recession,” the firm’s economists wrote in an Aug. 12 report. “The probability is unusually high – between 25 percent and 30 percent – but we do not see double dip as the base case.”

The yield on the two-year notes due in July 2012 fell to a record low of 0.4547 percent last week, as investors pushed the price of the security up 2/32, or 63 cents per $1,000 face amount, to 100 8/32. The yield on the benchmark 10-year note, a 2.625 percent security due in August 2020, declined to as low as 2.53 percent, the lowest since March 2009.

The $8.18 trillion market for Treasuries, which help determine the cost of funds for everything from mortgages to corporate bonds, has returned 8.05 percent this year, including reinvested interest, Bank of America Merrill Lynch index data show. They lost 3.7 percent in 2009.

‘Policies Aren’t Working’

Republicans, who lost control of the House of Representatives and Senate in 2006, are pointing to rising demand for bonds, falling yields and faltering stocks as a sure sign the economy is poised to contract. The Standard & Poor’s 500 index is down 3.9 percent this year.

It is time for Obama to “face up to the fact that his stimulus policies aren’t working,” Boehner of Ohio said Aug. 7, a day after the government reported the unemployment rate held at 9.5 percent in July.

The White House hasn’t made much progress in selling the stimulus spending to voters. Asked how their opinion of the programs had changed in recent months, respondents to a Bloomberg National Poll were divided almost evenly among those who say they had become more supportive, those who are less supportive and those who haven’t changed their view.

‘We’ve Gotten Through’

A steep yield curve traditionally indicates economic growth as investors demand more compensation for the risk of faster inflation. A flatter yield curve signals contraction and little threat of inflation.

Though yields are hovering near record lows, the curve as measured by projections of the three-month Treasury bill rate to 10-year note yield suggest the economy will strengthen by about 1.14 percent over the next year, according to a July report from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

“The growth trajectory in the economy is sluggish, but positive, with no contraction on the horizon” said Wan-Chong Kung, a money manager who helps invest $89 billion at FAF Advisors in Minneapolis. “We’ve gotten through a really tough downturn in the economy. It could have been much worse if we didn’t have the type of policy that was put in place on the fiscal and monetary front that.”

Inverted Yield Curve

There have been 33 official recessions since 1850, and only three times has the economy fallen back into negative growth within a year, according to data at the National Bureau of Economic Research.

The difference between 2- and 10-year yields is up from negative 0.19 percentage point in December 2006, just before the economy began to shrink.

An inverted yield curve has twice failed to predict a recession — in late 1966 and late 1998. The bears say bonds may be sending another “false positive.” With the Fed’s target rate for overnight loans between banks at a record low of zero to 0.25 percent, it may be impossible for long-term yields to fall below short-term debt.

“As long as the Fed continues with ultra easy policy the yield curve’s relative importance as an economic signal is diminished,” said Christopher Sullivan, who oversees $1.6 billion as chief investment officer at United Nations Federal Credit Union in New York.

A gradual recovery may not be enough to bolster Democrats in the November elections, BMO’s Busch said. “The number one thing on voters’ minds are still jobs, and we haven’t seen any significant progress on the employment front.”

Signs of Improvement

Since the stimulus legislation was approved in February 2009, the U.S. unemployment rate has climbed to 9.5 percent in July from 8.2 percent. The administration projects the jobless rate will average 9.7 percent for the year. Spending by consumers has slowed, with the savings rate rising to 6.4 percent in June, from 1.7 percent in August 2007.

There are signs of improvement, as production in the U.S. rose more than forecast in July. Production at factories, mines and utilities climbed 1 percent, twice the median forecast in a Bloomberg News survey, figures from the Fed showed last week.

Companies in the U.S. added workers in July for a seventh straight month as private payrolls that exclude government agencies rose by 71,000 after a June gain of 31,000, Labor Department figures showed. Corporate spending on equipment and software jumped at a 22 percent annual rate last quarter, the biggest increase since 1997, signaling confidence among company executives.

‘The Facts’

“There seems to be a doom and gloom out there,” Doug Oberhelman, chief executive officer of Peoria, Illinois-based Caterpillar Inc., the world’s largest maker of construction equipment, told analysts in a meeting at the New York Stock Exchange on Aug. 19. “We just don’t see it that way for lots of reasons. The facts aren’t bad in our business.”

The more than 75 percent of the companies in the S&P 500 that reported second-quarter profits exceeded the average analyst estimate since July 12, data compiled by Bloomberg show. Earnings will rise 36 percent this year, the most since 1988, forecasts show. Following the 2001 recession, income growth never exceeded 20 percent.

“The main difference between 2008 and now is that corporations are making money,” said Andrew Brenner, managing director at Guggenheim Capital Markets LLC, a New-York based brokerage for institutional investors.

Not Japan

As earnings rise, companies are cutting their interest expense. The 10 lowest-yielding U.S. corporate bond deals ever were sold in the past 14 months, according to Deutsche Bank AG. Armonk, New York-based International Business Machines Corp. issued $1.5 billion of 1 percent three-year notes on Aug. 2, the lowest coupon on record for that maturity.

The bond market is saying that it may be years before the Fed raises rates to foster the recovery, said Carl Lantz, head of interest-rate strategy in New York at Credit Suisse Group AG, one of 18 primary dealers of U.S. government securities that trade with the central bank.

Slow, persistent growth will help stave off the fear that the U.S. is starting to look like Japan in the 1990s, when the Bank of Japan struggled to revive its economy amid a combination of deflation and recessions, he said.

“The economy is improving and the yield curve will stay steep as the market is pricing in a return to more normal rates further out the curve,” said Lantz. “It will feel like Japan for awhile, but ultimately we are not Japan. We are seeing subpar growth, and a muddling along that is not particularly satisfying, but we are on the path to an eventual return to normal growth.”

To contact the reporter on this story: Cordell Eddings in New York at ceddings@bloomberg.net

Find out more about Bloomberg for iPad: http://m.bloomberg.com/iphone

Sent from my iPad

EUR – S&P Correlation Breaks Down

The above is the FXE Euro Trust Currency Shares vs the S&P Trust. As much as I am fundamentally bearish in today’s environment, the above is Bullish for equity valuations – at least relative to Europe. Why? The general environment continues to me heavily macro and volatility driven. From the strengthening of the Euro, and its recent breakaway/outperformance, we see that despite fundamental weakness, the world is settling down.

So there are a couple of options in this environment. Maintain shorts and try to find high quality that will rally and hopefully hold in the subsequent selloff or cut shorts and delever.

The technicals for the S&P remain fundamentally poor in the long term. My primary fear comes from the 60-120 SMA death cross which marked the Jan 2008 – March 2009 Bear Market as can be seen below:

I remember a paper a number of years ago speaking of the predictive power of the 60-120 cross. Personally I don’t care of its power in a purely academic sense – ie without other inputs is it a decent signal. We *have* other inputs – namely withdrawl of stimulus, massive delveraging, and implicit and explicit increases in taxes to name a few, all of which is deflationary and therefore inherently dangerous for equities. Witness the following from the most recent St. Louis Fed Monetary trendes showing the decline of credit:

So we have short term bullish and long term bearish = continued volatility. Actually I am starting to get excited with investment opportunities now that immediate crises are over (Greece and many state governments will default but not today). Volatility creates great trading opportunities – but they are that – trading opportunities. Money is made in this environment providing liquidity and then taking it back as it becomes plentiful. Said another way – buying low and selling high.

There are core positions to be held, but exposures likely should be “traded around”. Underexposed net as things take off, and overexposed in the worst of times. It’s not an easy business.

Finally just for the record, I mentioned AIPC – American Italian Pasta Company – in a few posts. The company was bought out marking one of my most successful and interesting investments. I started getting into the stock at $9.00 after which is rather promptly went to $5.00 before starting it’s long and rewarding journey to $53.00. All of this occurred during a period of some of the worst returns of the S&P in history. Indeed in 2009 I believe AIPC was the 5th best performing stock in the market.

The point is that not all volatility is warranted and sometimes it takes the market a long times to see things – good and bad.

Try not to lose money.

Arthur O’Keefe, São Paulo Value

EURUSD is still the Key. Keep your eye on currencies

The above is EURUSD as seen through Oanda’s fxTrade platform. Oanda’s platform is free and is an excellent tool. From what I can figure out, I think it shares the same back end as UBS’s professional currency trading platform – so it is of institutional quality.

Below is the FXE (EURUSD ETF) vs S&P:

Last week saw a head-fake that looked at first like EUR was going to outperform the S&P (how is that even possible??? – note sell any outperformance of EUR to the S&P) and then a couple of instances where it looked like the S&P was going to break away from EUR but failed. I think S&P will eventually strip away from EUR, but probably not while North Korea may go to war or while people are discussing dropping a nuclear weapon on the seabed of the Gulf of Mexico to stop an oil leak.

So not much to report. Value has showed up again in small cap high cash flow companies – names like AIPC, RKT, RSH as well as high quality companies – you’ve basically gotten 6 months of growth in WMT for free at the price it is today, but there is some severe deflationary events (sovereign defaults in Europe) and horrible technicals (is there any retail investment left in the stock market and will it ever come back with this volatility?) that it’s quite possible that “good deals” can persist for a while and get even better.

Thus, this is not the environment to stretch or lever up. Buy “high quality” shorter dated high yield (Brazilian USD denominated debt is interesting at these levels) and nibble at high cash flow stocks using existing cash flow from other sources (dividends, coupons, and operational businesses/personal income) to add slowly. High quality companies should prove to be a hedge when inflation eventually comes back (looks like it will be 2 years away minimum at this point).

In my opinion, this is an incredibly challenging environment to invest in. As the title suggests, keep your eye on currencies to understand what’s happening. That is the driving risk factor right now from every number that I’ve looked at. The equity and debt markets are responding to currency/capital flows and liquidity constraints driven by these flows. So until we see stability in the currency markets (and we are not seeing that yet) we will not see a bull market in my opinion.

So to close, here are some interesting thoughts from the St. Louis Fed Monetary Trends June edition:

First the Title: “Why Do People Dislike Inflation?”
- Can there be any debate of the Fed’s wishes with a question like that?

Nevertheless, looking at the aggregate stats I don’t think they are successful or are likely to be successful in the near term:

I see signs of recovery but that’s expected given the large amount of stimulus pumped into the economy. Considering this and the huge amount of slack between employment and capacity utilization, I don’t see how we can have inflation.

This will help support the dollar, which apparently is bearish for the stock market (empirically), so no rush. Good deals should persist and cash flow is a must in my opinion.

Try not to lose money.

Arthur O’Keefe, São Paulo Value
http://www.spvalue.com

http://www.scribd.com/doc/32312831/Keep-Your-Eye-on-Currencies-EURUSD-is-Still-the-Key

Tug-of-war with Deflation: Watching Greece, Catching Up on Earnings, Gathering Data

Am a little tight on time this week so not much to report. The latest Monetary Trends report from the St. Louis Federal Reserve shows reasonably well the tug-of-war going on between inflation and deflation. The above graph shows that cash is basically flowing out to pay off debt, while the below graphs hint that maybe sometime in the distant future the Fed could have a reason to raise rates.

Earnings have been strong so far, but so has the amount of stimulus pumped into the system. Judging by what’s going on in Europe and here at home in the Financial sector, not much seems to have been fixed. So whenever the stimulus gets withdrawn, I would expect things to slow down rapidly.

So I don’t see much of a risk of rates increasing. If anything the volatility in Europe should drive assets to the long end of the treasury curve. Trouble for the US, it seems, is not going to be found in the next 3-6 months. Money has to flow somewhere, and the US government is likely to benefit from flights to quality, even if “quality” is only relative.

My general sense is that small caps are not the place to be in this environment. Small cap special situations could still workout, but general perceived “higher-risk” small caps are likely to languish for the next few weeks.

I suspect that there might be opportunities in the large cap quality and, of all things, certain tech names. The US, in my opinion, is set to surprise the world with productivity enhancements yet again.

I still don’t think good money is made in this market, and I prefer to look for opportunities to trim positions and swap into lower vol/higher quality opportunities to wait for disruptions.

Arthur O’Keefe, São Paulo Value
http://www.spvalue.com

Current Estimates of S&P 500 2010 and 2011 Earnings Seem Fair

The above and graph with my annotations as well as the below graph on US equity consensus EPS are taken from the March 2010 Morgan Stanley Global and US Strategy slide decks. I added the red arrows and green dashed lines above to get a feel for the quality of 2011 earnings forecasts. Let me explain the graph above before interpreting: the ends of the red arrows chain the end of year earnings for each year as measured versus original expectations (generally made 3 years prior) and the green lines correspond to the end of year earnings in 5 recessions (as determined by trough earnings relative to original forecasts).

So what does it mean? First is that the majority of the area is below 100 which means that US earnings estimates are, on average, overly optimistic. Only in the period of 2005-2007 were earnings consistently revised upwards. Looking at the green lines, though, we can also see that earnings estimates made at the bottom of the recession two years forward actually tend to be more or less accurate and even can be subject to upwards revisions. For example, look at earnings two years out in the 1986, 1992, and 2003 recessions. Subsequently they were all met or exceeded. Only in the 2000 double dip recession (which dipped into 2003) were earnings lower, by about 10%.

So how to apply this? To the left is a graph from Morgan Stanley showing actual earnings estimates for the S&P 500. We see that 2009 earnings estimates were as high as 105 and ended at 57 (with the end of the 2009 reporting season in the first quarter of 2010). So final earnings were roughly 54% of the peak forecast which checks with the chart at the top of the page showing a trough end of year earnings as a percent of original forecast of around 52%.

2010 earnings are forecast to be a healthy 40% higher, and 2011 earnings are looking to be stronger still approaching 2008 levels. Both Financial and Non Financial Firms are expected to show the same trend.

So is this believable? Using only analyst track records through previous recessions as a guide, I would hazard to say that, yes, if history holds (and I think it will), earnings will be surprisingly strong. I do not see indications of a double dip recession for now.

So what are the implications? A lot is being written about S&P P/E ratios being high. But if earnings are going to rise to the extent shown above and also considering that today’s capital structures are much less levered (if only because the credit markets have been shut forcing de-leverage) and looking at things like price to trailing 10 year earnings (as shown left) which shows valuations in line with history, then there is room to the upside in equities.

One final check is to look at profits as a share of GDP (to the left). We see that there is more than ample room for improvement either way one slices it.

It will likely be a volatile ride, but the market should continue higher, in my opinion.

Feliz Páscoa,
Arthur O’Keefe, São Paulo Value

Rail Loadings, Employment, Hotel Occupancy Continue to Improve

Once again, things are looking up for the US economy. The above graph of hotel occupancy by Calculated Risk and the below graphs showing railway loadings by Thomas R. Wadewitz and team at JPMorgan and employment trends by Calculated Risk and continue to point to the general trend of improvements in the economy. Employment is very tricky because the convexity is slow/low (meaning it could just be starting to turn). We’ll know for sure in a few months, but at least it seems to check with the harder-to-manipulate rail and hotel data.

Arthur O’Keefe, São Paulo Value